Thursday, April 25, 2013


Schwarzschild energy (ES) applies to a massive field. It is related to the Schwarzschild radius (rS) and to an associated Schwarzschild force (FS). This energy appears in the literature (usually in partial form) and may be associated with; the Schwarzschild metric, Plank length, Plank energy, Newtonian gravitational force, and the Einstein Field Equation. An equivalent form of Schwarzschild energy applies to the electric field.
The Schwarzschild radius is;              rS = 2mG/c2 
Where;                        m is the mass of an object
                                                                G is the gravitational constant
                                                                c is the light constant
An “object”(possessing mass) is assumed to cause stress to the local continuum. The object is assumed to be spherical and homogenous. At the Schwarzschild radius, the area (AS) of a spherical region of space under stress is;                   
                                                                AS = 4πrS2 
The stress (σS) acting on the continuum at the Schwarzschild radius is;    σS = FS/AS 
Where;                 FS is a force which is distributed over the stressed area; FS = ES/rS
                                ES is the Schwarzschild energy
Schwarzschild energy may be derived from Newton’s law of reciprocating forces. The force magnitude acting upon the continuum (FS) at a distance (rS) has a reciprocating force (FR). According to Newton;
                                                           FS + FR = 0
Force may be represented as a vector. A unit vector of force (F0) acting from the center of the object in any direction has a magnitude;  
     |F0| = F0 = 1  
The force magnitude acting on the object (Fc) is;  Fc = Ec/rS
Where;   Ec is the stress energy acting on the object;  Ec = ½mc2  
Reciprocating force shall be;       FR = (F0Fc)½  
According to Newton;                    FS = - FR
                                                           FS2 = FR2 = F0Fc 
                                                           (ES/rS)2 = (1)(Ec/rS)
ES2 = rSEc  = (2mG/c2)(½mc2)  = m2G
Giving Schwarzschild energy;      ES = mG½  
Plank Length;
Schwarzschild energy is related to Plank Length (rP) by a balance of forces.
FS occurs at the Schwarzschild radius;     FS = ES/rS
At the Plank radius (rP) the force acting on the continuum (FP) is;
                                                            FP = ½ES/rP = (mG½)/2rP   
According to Newton;                    FP = - FR
                                                           FP2 = FR2 = F0Fc 
Where;                                              Fc = Ec2/ħc
                                                            ħ = h/2π
                                                            Ec = ½mc2
Substitution gives;                           FP2 = F0Fc 
(mG½)2/4rP2   = (1)(½mc2)2/ħc 
m2G/4rP2   = m2c3/4ħ 
Giving Plank Length;                       rP = (ħG/c3)½ 
Plank Energy;
Plank energy may be obtained from a balance of forces;       FPFS = F0FC
Substitution gives;                    (EP2/4ħc)(ES2/ħc) = (1)(½mc2)2/ħc
EP2ES2 = ħm2c5
EP = (ħc5/G)½ 
Einstein Field Equation;
Schwarzschild energy is included in the EFE. A ratio of tensors is equal to a ratio of force magnitudes;
F1 = ES2/ħc = 2π(mG½)2/hc 
F2 = Ec2/hc = (½mc2)2/hc 
Gμν /Tμν = F1/F2 = 8πG/c4 
Binary Gravitational Interaction;
Two objects with mass (m1,m2) interact through a separation distance (r) according to their Schwarzschild energies. The force of interaction (F12) is related to the continuum force of each object (F1,F2) at radius “r”;
F0F12 = F1F2 = (ES1/r) (ES2/r) = (m1G½/r)( m2G½/r)  
Giving Newton’s gravitational equation;                F12 = m1m2G/r2 
Electric Field energy;
A Schwarzschild similar energy (ESe) applies to the electric field;   ESe = Qke½ 
Where;        Q is electric charge
ke is the electric field constant  ke = 1/(4πε0) 
                                          ε0 is the electric permeability of free space
A Plank similar energy (EPe) also applies to the electric field;   EPe = ħc5/ke 
Wave Particle duality;
The Schwarzschild force is;          FS = ES2/hc = ES/rS
Where;                                 c = ωλ
Giving a particle to wave relationship;  rSES = λ(hω) 
This may be written as forces;    F0F1F2 = F33
                                                     (1)(½mc2/λ)(hω/λ) = (mG½/λ)3                                 
Conclusion;
Schwarzschild energy is well documented in the literature (usually in partial form), it is a fundamental energy.

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